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Child Maltreatment
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Pediatric Anogenital Exam: A Theory-Driven Exploration of Anticipatory Appraisals and Affects

Mary Katherine Waibel-Duncan

Bloomsburg University

Howard M. Sandler

Peabody College of Vanderbilt University

Smith and Lazarus's 1990 and 1993 theory of cognition-emotion associations guided this exploration of individuals' pre-exam experiences. The study also tested the model's integrity during a stressful event and examined its downward extension to children. A total of 47 girls ages 8 to 14 (M = 11.57, SD = 2.14) and 109 adult guardians of female patients (all ages) completed a brief questionnaire about their pre-exam thoughts and feelings. The majority of participants viewed the impending exam as important and desirable, reported optimism and confidence in their ability to cope or adjust, and described mild-moderate anxiety as well as moderate-high hope/gladness. The majority of adults also reported relatively high levels of sadness. Data supported the model's cognition-emotion associations. This theory-driven research offers a richer understanding of children who may have been sexually abused and their supportive adult guardians and encourages more positive and realistic expectations for these individuals.

Child Maltreatment, Vol. 6, No. 1, 50-58 (2001)
DOI: 10.1177/1077559501006001005
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 J Pediatr PsycholHome page
R. L. Claar, L. S. Walker, and C. A. Smith
The Influence of Appraisals in Understanding Children's Experiences With Medical Procedures
J. Pediatr. Psychol., October 1, 2002; 27(7): 553 - 563.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]