Advanced Search

Journal Navigation

Journal Home

Subscriptions

Archive

Contact Us

Table of Contents

Access Criminology and Criminal Justice journals now

SAGETRACK

Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
Child Maltreatment
This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Klevens, J.
Right arrow Articles by Whitaker, D. J.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Klevens, J.
Right arrow Articles by Whitaker, D. J.
Right arrowPubmed/NCBI databases
Medline Plus Health Information
*Child Abuse
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?

Primary Prevention of Child Physical Abuse and Neglect: Gaps and Promising Directions

Joanne Klevens

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Daniel J. Whitaker

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Reviews on primary prevention have identified effective strategies to prevent child maltreatment but have ignored potentially promising interventions that have not yet been evaluated as well as gaps in the development of programs. The goal of this review was to identify these gaps and recommend future directions for developing interventions from a public health perspective. To this end, a systematic review of the literature for 1980-2004 utilizing existing databases and found 188 primary prevention interventions that addressed a broad range of risk factors was conducted. However, few had been rigorously evaluated, and only a handful demonstrated impact on child maltreatment or its risk factors. From a public health perspective, interventions that target prevalent and neglected risk factors such as poverty, partner violence, teenage pregnancy, and social norms tolerating violence toward children need to be developed and evaluated. In addition, more attention should be given to low cost interventions delivered to the public, by society, or that require minimal effort from recipients.

Key Words: child maltreatment • policy • prevention • research

References

  • Andrews, D.D., & Linden, R.R. (1984). Preventing rural child abuse: Progress in spite of cutbacks. Child Welfare, 63, 443-452.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Armstrong, K.A. (1981). A treatment and education program for parents and children who are at-risk of abuse and neglect. Child Abuse and Neglect, 5, 167-175.[CrossRef]
  • Atkins, M. (1986). The Welcome Baby Program: A community-based volunteer prevention model for caring, sharing, and support for new parents. Infant Mental Health Journal, 7, 156-167.[CrossRef]
  • Ayoub, C., & Jacewitz, M.M. (1982). Families at risk of poor parenting: A model for service delivery, assessment, and intervention. Child Abuse and Neglect, 6, 351-358.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Babcock, J.C., Green, C.E., & Robie, C. (2004). Does batterers' treatment work? A meta-analytic review of domestic violence treatment. Clinical Psychology Review, 23, 1023-1053.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Barlow, J., Stewart-Brown, S., Callaghan, H., Tucker, J., Brocklehurst, N., Davis, H., et al. (2003). Working in partnership: The development of a home visiting service for vulnerable families. Child Abuse Review, 12, 172-189.[CrossRef]
  • Barth, R.P. (1989). Evaluation of a task-centered child abuse prevention program. Children and Youth Services Review, 11, 117-131.[CrossRef]
  • Barth, R.P. (1991). An experimental evaluation of in-home child abuse prevention services. Child Abuse & Neglect, 15, 363-375.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Bavolek, S.J., & Dellinger-Bavolek, J. (1987a). Building nurturing parenting skills in teenage parents. Final Report. Asheville, NC: Family Development Resources.
  • Bavolek, S.J., & Dellinger-Bavolek, J. (1987b). Increasing the nurturing parenting skills of families in Head Start: Validation of the Nurturing Program for parents and children birth to five years. Asheville, NC: Family Development Resources.
  • Becker, J.V., Alpert, J.L., BigFoot, D.S., Bonner, B.L., Geddie, L.F., Henggler, S.W., et al.. (1995). Empirical research on child abuse treatment: Report by the Child Abuse and Neglect Treatment Working Group, American Psychological Association. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 24(Suppl.), 23-46.
  • Belsky, J. (1980). Child maltreatment: An ecological integration. American Psychologist, 35, 320-335.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Belsky, J. (1993). Etiology of child maltreatment: A developmental ecological analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 413-434.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Bennie, A.S., Westphalen, J.B., Clements, F.W., & Normoyle, M. (1982). Early intervention in potential child abuse. Australian Health Review, 5, 7-11.
  • Black, D.A., Heyman, R.E., & Slep, A.M.S. (2001). Risk factors for child physical abuse. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 6, 121-188.
  • Boger, R., Richter, R., & Weatherston, D. (1983). Perinatal positive parenting: A program of primary prevention through support of first-time parents. Infant Mental Health Journal, 4, 297-308.[CrossRef]
  • Brayden, R.M., Altemeier, W.A., Dietrich, M.S., Tucker, D., Christensen, M.J., McLaughlin, F.J., et al. (1993). A prospective study of secondary prevention of child maltreatment. Journal of Pediatrics, 122, 511-516.[CrossRef]
  • Britner, P., & Reppucci, N.D. (1997). Prevention of child maltreatment: Evaluation of a parent education program for teen mothers. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 6, 165-175.[CrossRef]
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986). Ecology of the family as a context for human development. Developmental Psychology, 22, 723-742.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
  • Brooten, D., Savitri, K., Brown, L.P., Butts, P., Finkler, S.A., Bakewell-Sachs, S., et al. (1986). A randomized clinical trial of early hospital discharge and home follow-up of very-low-birth-weight infants. New England Journal of Medicine, 315, 934-939.[Abstract]
  • Brown, W.J., Basil, M.D., & Bocarnea, M.C. (2003). The influence of famous athletes on health beliefs and practices: Mark McGwire, child abuse prevention, and androstenedione. Journal of Health Communication, 8, 41-57.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Browne, D.C. (1989). Incarcerated mothers and parenting. Journal of Family Violence, 4, 211-221.[CrossRef]
  • Bryan, A.A. (2000). Enhancing parent-child interaction with a prenatal couple intervention. American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 25, 139-144.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Buckley, A.W. (1985, November). BIBS Program helps families at risk of child abuse. Health Progress, 66(9), 16.
  • Bugenthal, D.B., Ellerson, P.C., Lin, E.K., Kokotovic, A., & O'Hara, N. (2002). A cognitive approach to child abuse prevention. Journal of Family Psychology, 16, 243-258.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Carnahan, S., Nelson, C.E., & Gordon, T.R. (1999). A community-based approach to preventing child maltreatment. In R. N. Roberts & P. R. Magrab (Eds.), Where children live: Solutions for serving young children and their families. Vol. 17. Advances in applied developmental psychology (pp. 327-356). Westport, CT: Ablex.
  • Caruso, G.A. (1989). Optimum Growth Project: Support for families with young children. Prevention in Human Services, 6, 123-139.
  • Causby, V., Nixon, C., & Bright, J.M. (1991). Influences on adolescent mother-infant interactions. Adolescence, 26, 619-630.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Cerny, J.E., & Inouye, J. (2001). Utilizing the Child Abuse Potential Inventory in a community health nursing prevention program for child abuse. Journal of Community Health Nursing, 18, 199-211.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Chambliss, J.W. (2000). An experimental trial of a home visiting program to prevent child maltreatment. Dissertation Abstracts International, 61(3B). (UMI 9967277)
  • Child abuse program focuses on parents' problems. (1983, September). Hospital Progress, 64(9), 25-26.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Connell-Carrick, K. (2003). A critical review of the empirical literature: Identifying correlates of child neglect. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 20, 389-425.[CrossRef]
  • Constantino, J.N., Hashemi, N., Solis, E., Alon, T., Haley, S., McClure, S., et al. (2001). Supplementation of urban home visitation with a series of group meetings for parents and infants: Results of a "real world" randomized controlled trial. Child Abuse & Neglect, 25, 1571-1581.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Cook, S.L., Repucci, N.D., & Small, M.A. (2002). The nature and efficacy of child-centered, neighborhood-based child protection programs: The record thus far. In G. B. Melton, R. A. Thompson, & M. A. Small (Eds.), Toward a child-centered, neighborhood-based child protection system: A report of the Consortium on Children, Families, and the Law (pp. 67-88). Westport, CT: Praeger/Greenwood.
  • Copeland, J.B. (1995). School intervention programs: An approach to preventing child abuse. New Jersey Medicine, 92, 104-106.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Cowen, P.S. (1992). The Iowa Crisis Nursery Project as a factor in the prevention of child abuse. Dissertation Abstracts International, 52(8-A). (UMI No. 9136912)
  • Cowen, P.S. (2001). Effectiveness of a parent education intervention for at risk families. Journal of the Society of Pediatric Nurses, 6, 73-82.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Cowen, P.S., & Reed, D.A. (2002). Effects of respite care for children with disabilities: Evaluation of an intervention for at risk families. Public Health Nursing, 19, 272-283.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • CSR, Inc. (1996). Preventing child abuse and neglect. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved January 27, 2005, from http://aspe.hhs.gov/pic/perfimp/1998/appendixa.htm.
  • Culbertson, J.L., & Schellenbach, C.J. (1992). Prevention of maltreatment in infants and young children. In D. J. Willis, E. W. Holden, & M. Rosenberg (Eds.), Prevention of child maltreatment: Developmental and ecological perspectives (pp. 47-77). New York: John Wiley.
  • Cuomo, M.R. (1988). Early parenting education program seeks to prevent child abuse. Journal of Nurse Midwifery, 33, 232-233.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Dake, J.A., Price, J.H., & Murnan, J. (2003). Evaluation of a child abuse prevention curriculum for third-grade students: Assessment of knowledge and efficacy expectations. Journal of School Health, 73, 76-82.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Darmstadt, G.L. (1990). Community-based child abuse prevention. Social Work, 35, 487-489.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Daro, D., & Harding, K.A. (1999). Healthy Families America: Using research to enhance practice. Future of Children, 9, 152-176.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Daro, D., Jones, E., & McCurdy, K. (1993). Preventing child abuse. An evaluation of services to high risk families. Chicago: National Committee for Prevention of Child Abuse.
  • Dawson, P., Van Doorninck, W.J., & Robinson, J.L. (1989). Effects of home-based, informal social support on child health. Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 10, 63-67.
  • Delgado, L., & Lutzker, J.R. (1988). Training young parents to identify and report their children's illnesses. Journal of Applied Behavioral Analysis, 21, 311-319.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Derezotes, D.S., & Barth, R.P. (1993). Adolescent maltreatment prevention. Social Work in Education, 15, 151-166.
  • Dhooper, S.S., & Schneider, P.L. (1995). Evaluation of a school-based child abuse prevention program. Research on Social Work Practice, 5, 36-46.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Dias, M.S., Smith, K., deGuehery, K., Mazur, P., Li, V., & Shaffer, M.L. (2005). Preventing abusive head trauma among infants and young children: A hospital-based, parent education program. Pediatrics, 115, e470-e477.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Donnelly, A.C. (1999). The practice. Child Abuse and Neglect, 23, 987-994.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Downing, C.J. (1982). Parent support groups to prevent child abuse. Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, 17, 119-124.
  • Duggan, A., Fuddy, L., Burrell, L., Higman, S.M., McFarlane, E., Windham, A., et al. (2004). Randomized trial of a statewide home visiting program to prevent child abuse: Impact in reducing parental risk factors. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28, 623-643.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Duggan, A., McFarlane, E., Fuddy, L., Burrell, L., Higman, S.M., Windham, A., et al. (2004). Randomized trial of statewide home visiting program: Impact in preventing child abuse and neglect. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28, 597-622.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Duggan, A.K., McFarlane, E.C., Windham, A.M., Rohde, C.A., Salkever, D.S., Fuddy, L., et al. (1999). Evaluation of Hawaii's Healthy Start Program. Future of Children, 9, 66-90.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Durrant, J.E. (1999). Evaluating the success of Sweden's corporal punishment ban. Child Abuse and Neglect, 23, 435-448.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Durrant, J.E., & Janson, S. (2005). Law reform, corporal punishment and child abuse: The case of Sweden. International Review of Victimology, 12, 139-158.
  • Earls, F., McGuire, J., & Shay, S. (1994). Evaluating a community intervention to reduce the risk of child abuse: Methodological strategies in conducting neighborhood surveys. Child Abuse & Neglect, 18, 473-485.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Egan, A.G. (1988). The Acorn Club after six years. Community Mental Health in New Zealand, 4, 52-62.
  • Eldred, C., & Zaslow, M. (1998). Parenting behavior in a sample of young mothers in poverty. Results of the New Chance observational study. New York: Manpower Development Research Corporation. Retrieved July 26, 2005, from www.mdrc.org/publications/152/execsum.html.
  • Ellwood, A. (1988). Prove to me that MELD makes a difference. In H. B. Weiss & F. H. Jacobs (Eds.), Evaluating family programs (pp. 303-313) New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
  • Ethier, L.S., Couture, G., Lacharité, C., & Gagnier, J.P. (2000). Impact of a multidimensional intervention programme applied to families at risk for child neglect. Child Abuse Review, 9, 19-36.[CrossRef]
  • Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics. (2006). America's children in brief: Key national indicators of well-being, 2006. Retrieved August 17, 2006, from http://childstats.gov/americaschildren/eco.asp.
  • Fein, D.J., & Lee, W.S. (2003). The impacts of welfare reform on child maltreatment in Delaware. Children and Youth Services Review, 25, 83-111.[CrossRef]
  • Feldman, M.A., Case, L., & Sparks, B. (1992). Effectiveness of a child-care training program for parents at-risk for child neglect. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 24, 14-28.[CrossRef]
  • Fetsch, R.J., Schultz, C.J., & Wahler, J.J. (1999). A preliminary evaluation of the Colorado Rethink Parenting and Anger Management Program. Child Abuse & Neglect, 23, 353-360.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Field, T., Widmayer, S., Greenberg, R., & Stoller, S. (1982). Effects of parent training on teenage mothers and their infants. Pediatrics, 69, 703-707.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Flynn, L. (1999). The Adolescent Parenting Program: Improving outcomes through mentorship. Public Health Nursing, 16, 182-189.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Foley, K., Ford, R., Gyermati, D., Michalopoulas, C., Miller, C., Morris, P., et al. (2002). Making work pay. Final report on the Self-Sufficiency Project for long-term welfare recipients. Ottawa, Canada: Social Research and Demonstration Corporation. Retrieved July 27, 2005, from http://www.mdrc.org/publications/46/full.pdf.
  • Frank, E., & Rowe, D.A. (1981). Primary prevention: Parent education, mother-infant groups in a general hospital setting. Journal of Preventive Psychiatry, 1, 169-178.
  • Fraser, J.A., Armstrong, K.L., Morris, J.P., & Dadds, M.R. (2000). Home visiting intervention for vulnerable families with newborns: Follow-up results of a randomized controlled trial. Child Abuse & Neglect, 24, 1399-1429.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Freisthier, B., Merritt, D.H., & LaScala, E.A. (2006). Understanding the ecology of child maltreatment: A review of the literature and directions for future research. Child Maltreatment, 11, 263-280.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Frenza, L. (1993). An early intervention approach to ending child abuse and neglect: Hana Like Home Visitor Program. Journal of Psychohistory, 21, 29-36.
  • Friday, P. (1989). Welcome Baby programs. Prevention in Human Services, 6, 81-85.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Fulton, A.M., Murphy, K.R., & Anderson, S.L. (1991). Increasing adolescent mothers' knowledge of child development: An intervention program. Adolescence, 26, 73-81.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Garbarino, J., Kostelny, K., & Barry, F. (1998). Neighborhood-based programs. In P. K. Trickett & C. J. Schellenbach (Eds.), Violence against children in the family and the community (pp. 287-313). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Geeraert, L., Van den Noortgate, W., Grietens, H., & Onghena, P. (2004). The effects of early prevention programs for families with young children at risk for physical child abuse and neglect: A meta-analysis. Child Maltreatment, 9, 277-291.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Gershoff, E.T. (2002). Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and experiences: A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 539-579.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Godenzi, A., & De Puy, J. (2001). Overcoming boundaries: A cross-cultural inventory of primary prevention programs against wife abuse and child abuse. Journal of Primary Prevention, 21, 455-475.[CrossRef]
  • Golub, J.S., Espinosa, M., Damon, L., & Card, J. (1987). A videotape parent education program for abusive parents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 11, 255-265.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Gray, E. (1983). What have we learned about preventing child abuse? An overview of the Community and Minority Group Action to Prevent Child Abuse and Neglect Program (Prevention Focus Working Paper No. 009). Chicago: National Committee for Prevention of Child Abuse.
  • Gray, J., Spurway, P., & McClatchey, M. (2001). Lay therapy intervention with families at risk for parenting difficulties: The Kempe Community Caring Program. Child Abuse & Neglect, 25, 641-655.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Grayson, J.H., & McNulty, C.V. (1982). Innovative programming for child abuse and neglect. Journal of Rural Community Psychology, 3, 35-41.
  • Grotberg, E.H., Feindler, E.L., White, C.B., & Stutman, S.S. (1991). Using anger management for prevention of child abuse. In P. A. Keller & S. R. Heyman (Eds.), Innovations in clinical practice: A source book (Vol. 10, pp. 5-21). Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Exchange.
  • Hahn, R.A., Bilukha, O.O., Crosby, A., Fullilove, M.T., Liberman, A., Moscicki, E.K., et al. (2003). First reports evaluating the effectiveness of strategies for preventing violence: Early childhood home visitation. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 52(RR-14), 1-20.
  • Hairston, C.F., & Lockett, P. (1985). Parents in prison: A child abuse and neglect prevention strategy. Child Abuse & Neglect, 9, 471-477.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Halpern, R., & Covey, L. (1983). Community support for adolescent parents and their children: The Parent-to-Parent Program in Vermont. Journal of Primary Prevention, 3, 160-178.[CrossRef]
  • Hammel, J., Rozek, M., Mueller, G., Anderson, B., Horth, J., & Kamal, N. (2002, Spring). Wisconsin: Unique prevention programs in action. Shaken Baby Syndrome Quarterly. Retrieved August 22, 2002, from www.dontshake.com/quarterly.sbsspring02wisconsin.html.
  • Hammond, W.R., Whitaker, D.J., Lutzker, J.R., Mercy, J., & Chin, P. (2006). Setting a violence prevention agenda at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11, 112-119.
  • Hardy, J.B., & Streett, R. (1989). Family support and parenting education in the home: An effective extension of clinic-based preventive health care services for poor children. Journal of Pediatrics, 115, 927-931.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Harrison, M. (1981). Home-Start: A voluntary home-visiting scheme for young families. Child Abuse & Neglect, 5, 441-447.[CrossRef]
  • Hébert, M., Lavoie, F., Piché, C., & Piotras, M. (2001). Proximate effects of child sexual abuse prevention program in elementary school children. Child Abuse and Neglect, 25, 505-522.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Heid, K. (1992). Comparison of the relative effectiveness of two treatment programs in modifying the perceptions and behaviors of potentially abusive mothers. Dissertation Abstracts International, 53(4-A). (UMI No. 9226151)
  • Henwood, P.G. (1997). The health belief model and shaken baby syndrome: A comparison of two interventions. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 57(12-B). (UMI No. 9715144)
  • Herbert, M. (2000). Parenting skills interventions. In P. Reder, M. McClure, & A. Jolley (Eds.), Family matters: Interfaces between child and adult mental health (pp. 237-256). New York: Routledge.
  • Herrerías, C. (1988). Prevention of child abuse and neglect in the Hispanic community: The MADRE Parent Education Program. Journal of Primary Prevention, 9, 104-119.[CrossRef]
  • Hiatt, S.W. (1994, January-February). "We don't just kiss you good-bye!": Home visitor program prevents child abuse. Discharge Planning Update, 13-17.
  • Honig, A.S., & Morin, C. (2001). When should programs for teen parents and babies begin? Longitudinal evaluation of a teen parents and babies program. Journal of Primary Prevention, 21, 447-454.[CrossRef]
  • Hornick, J.P., & Clarke, M.E. (1986). A cost/effectiveness evaluation of lay therapy treatment for child abusing and high risk parents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 10, 309-318.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Huebner, C.E. (2002). Evaluation of a clinic-based parent education program to reduce the risk of infant and toddler maltreatment. Public Health Nursing, 19, 377-389.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Huston, A.C., Miller, C., Richburg-Hayes, L., Duncan, G.J., Eldred, C.A., Weisner, T.S., et al. (2003). New hope for families and children: Five year results of a program to_reduce poverty and reform welfare. New York: Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation. Retrieved July 26, 2005, from www.mdrc.org/publications/345/full.pdf.
  • Huxley, P., & Warner, R. (1993). Primary prevention of parenting dysfunction in high risk cases. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 63, 582-588.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Jackson, S., Thompson, R.A., Christiansen, E.H., Colman, R.A., Wyatt, J., Buckendahl, C.W., et al. (1999). Predicting abuse-prone parental attitudes and discipline practices in a nationally representative sample. Child Abuse & Neglect, 23, 15-29.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Kadushin, A., & Martin, J.A. (1981). Child abuse: An interactional event. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Katzev, A.R., Pratt, C.C., Henderson, T., & McGuigan, W. (1999). Oregon's Healthy Start effort 1997-98 status report. Corvallis: Oregon State University, Family Study Center.
  • Kelsey, J.L., Thompson, W.D., & Evans, A.S. (1986). Methods in observational epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Kiernan, B.U., Westrum, K.C., & Leahy, J.M. (1980, September). A preventative child abuse program. Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association. Montreal, Canada.
  • Kirby, D. (2001). Emerging answers: Research findings on programs to reduce teen pregnancy. Washington, DC: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy. Retrieved January 2, 2005, from http://www.teenpregnancy.org/resources/data/pdf/emeranswsum.pdf.
  • Klevens, J., & Sadowski, L. (2005). Domestic violence towards women. Clinical Evidence, 14, 2223-2232.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Kline, B., Grayson, J., & Mathie, V.A. (1990). Parenting support groups for parents at risk of abuse and neglect. Journal of Primary Prevention, 10, 313-320.[CrossRef]
  • Knox, V., Miller, C., & Gennetian, L.S. (2000). Reforming welfare and rewarding work. A summary of the final report on the Minnesota Family Investment Program. Minnesota Department of Human Services. Retrieved July 26, 2005, from www.mdrc.org/publications/27/summary.html.
  • Kowal, L.W., Kottmeier, C.P., Ayoub, C.C., Komives, J.A., Robinson, D.S., & Allen, J.P. (1989). Characteristics of families at risk of problems in parenting: Findings from a home-based secondary prevention program. Child Welfare, 5, 529-538.
  • Kraizer, S. (1992). The Safe Child Program for the prevention of child abuse: Development and evaluation of a school-based curriculum. Dissertation Abstracts International, 52(8-A). (UMI No. 1392372)
  • Kraizer, S., Witte, S.S., Fryer, G.E., & Miyoshi, T. (1993, May). Reach and challenge: Evaluating the effectiveness of programs for at-risk youth. In Creating the quality school: Selected readings (n.p.). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
  • Laurendeau, M.C., Gagnon, G., Desjardins, N., Perrault, R., & Kishchuk, N. (1991). Evaluation of an early, mass media parental support intervention. Journal of Primary Prevention, 11, 207-225.[CrossRef]
  • Loadman, W.E., & Vaughan, M.L. (1990). A plan for evaluating the effectiveness of a crisis nursery. Columbus, OH: Turning Point.
  • Luthar, S.S., & Suchman, N.E. (2000). Relational psychotherapy mothers' group: A developmentally informed intervention for at-risk mothers. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 235-253.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Lutzker, J. R. (Ed.). (1998). Handbook of child abuse research and treatment. New York: Plenum.
  • MacLeod, J., & Nelson, G. (2000). Programs for the promotion of family wellness and the prevention of child maltreatment: A meta-analytic review. Child Abuse & Neglect, 24, 1127-1149.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • MacMillan, H.L. (2000). Preventive health care, 2000 update: Prevention of child maltreatment. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 163, 1451-1458.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Mandell, S. (2000). Child abuse prevention at report card time. Journal of Community Psychology, 28, 687-690.[CrossRef]
  • Manlove, J., Papillio, A.R., & Ikramullah, E. (2004). Not yet: Programs to delay first sex among teens. Washington, DC: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy. Retrieved February 2, 2005, from www.teenpregnany.org/works/pdf/NotYet.pdf.
  • Mann, P.A. (1986). Prevention of child abuse: Two contrasting social support services. Prevention in Human Services, 4, 73-111.
  • Marcenko, M.O., & Spence, M. (1994). Home visitation services for at-risk pregnant and postpartum women: A randomized trial. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 64, 468-478.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Marcenko, M.O., Spence, M., & Samost, L. (1996). Outcomes of a home visitation trial for pregnant and postpartum women at-risk for child placement. Children and Youth Services Review, 18(3), 243-259.[CrossRef]
  • Marshall, E., Buckner, E., & Powell, K. (1991). Evaluation of a teen program designed to reduce child abuse and neglect and to strengthen families. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 4, 96-100.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Marshall, E., Perkins, J., Lowry, J., Hyatt, C., Campbell, C., & Helms, D. (1996). Effects of a child abuse prevention unit in health classes in four schools. Journal of Community Health Nursing, 13, 107-122.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Martin, J.A., Hamilton, B.E., Sutton, P.D., Ventura, S.J., Menacker, F., & Munson, M.L. (2005). Births: Final data for 2003. National Vital Statistics Reports, 54, 30.
  • McQuillen, J.S., O'Brien, P.E., & Schrader, D.C. (1993, May). Testing the effectiveness of intervention programs on children's compliance-resisting behaviors. Paper presented at the Annual Communication Association, Instructional and Developmental Division, Washington, DC.
  • Meekums, B. (1991). Dance/movement therapy with mothers and young children at risk of abuse. Arts in Psychotherapy, 18, 223-230.[CrossRef]
  • Melton, G.B. (2002). Chronic neglect of family violence: more than a decade of reports to guide US policy. Child Abuse and Neglect, 26, 569-586.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Mercy, J.A., Rosenberg, M.L., Powell, K.E., Broome, C.V., & Roper, W.L. (1993). Public health policy for preventing violence. Health Affairs, 12, 7-29.[Abstract]
  • Milner, J.S., & Dopke, C. (1997). Child physical abuse. Review of offender characteristics. In D. A. Wolfe, R. J. McMahon, & R. de V. Peters (Eds.), Child abuse: New directions in prevention and treatment across the life span (pp. 27-52). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Modeste, N.N., & Tamayose, T.S. (2004). Dictionary of public health promotion and education terms and concepts (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Mulroy, E.A., & Shay, S. (1997). Nonprofit organizations and innovation: A model of neighborhood-based collaboration to prevent child maltreatment. Social Work, 42, 516-524.
  • Mulsow, M.H., & Murry, V.M. (1996). Parenting on the edge. Economically stressed, single, African American mothers. Journal of Family Issues, 17, 704-721.[Abstract]
  • Nair, P., Schuler, M.E., Black, M.M., Kettinger, L., & Harrington, D. (2003). Cumulative environmental risk in substance abusing women: early intervention, parenting stress, child abuse potential, and child development. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27, 997-1017.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Naughton, A., & Heath, A. (2001). Developing an early intervention programme to prevent child maltreatment. Child Abuse Review, 10, 85-96.[CrossRef]
  • Nelson, G., Laurendeau, M.C., & Chamberland, C. (2001). A review of programs to promote family wellness and prevent the maltreatment of children. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 33, 1-13.
  • Olds, D.L., Eckenrode, J., Henderson, C.R., Kitzman, H., Powers, J., Cole, R., et al. (1997). Long-term effects of home visitation on maternal life course and child abuse and neglect: Fifteen-year follow-up of a randomized trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 278, 637-643.[CrossRef]
  • Onyskiw, J.E., Harrison, M.J., Spady, D., & McConnan, L. (1999). Formative evaluation of a collaborative community-based child abuse prevention project. Child Abuse and Neglect, 23, 1069-1081.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Osofsky, J.D. (2003). Prevalence of children's exposure to domestic violence and child maltreatment: Implications for prevention and intervention. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 6, 161-170.
  • Ounsted, C., Roberts, J.C., Gordon, M., & Milligan, B. (1982). Fourth goal of perinatal medicine. British Medical Journal, 284, 879-882.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Pardeck, J.T., & Nolden, W.L. (1985). An evaluation of a crisis intervention center for parents at risk. Family Therapy, 12, 25-33.
  • Paxson, C., & Waldfogel, J. (1999). Work, welfare, and child maltreatment (National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 7343). Retrieved July 28, 2005, from www.nber.org/papers/w7343.
  • Peraino, J.M. (1990). Evaluation of a preschool antivictimization prevention program. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 5, 520-528.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Peterman, P.J. (1981). Parenting and environmental considerations. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 51, 351-355.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Peterson, L., Tremblay, G., Ewigman, B., & Salana, L. (2003). Multilevel selected primary prevention of child maltreatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 601-612.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Pharis, M., & Levin, V. (1991). A person to talk to who really cared: High risk mothers' evaluations of services in an intensive intervention research program. Child Welfare, 70, 307-320.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Pillai, V., Collins, A., & Morgan, R. (1982). Family walk-in centre-Eaton Socon: Evaluation of a project on preventive intervention based in the community. Child Abuse and Neglect, 6, 71-79.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Powell, D.R. (1980). Personal social networks as a focus for primary prevention of child maltreatment. Infant Mental Health Journal, 1, 232-239.[CrossRef]
  • Regalado, M., Sareen, H., Inkelas, M., Wissow, L.S., & Halfon, N. (2004). Parents' discipline of young children: Results from the national survey of early childhood health. Pediatrics, 113, 1952-1958.
  • Reis, J., & Herzberger, S. (1980). Problem and program linkage: The early and periodic screening, diagnosis and treatment program as a means of preventing and detecting child abuse. Infant Mental Health Journal, 1, 262-269.[CrossRef]
  • Repucci, N.D., Britner, P.A., Woolard, J.L., & Dillon, P.A. (1997). Preventing child abuse and neglect through parent education. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
  • Resnick, G. (1985). Enhancing parental competencies for high risk mothers: An evaluation of prevention effects. Child Abuse & Neglect, 9, 479-489.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Reynolds, A.J., Temple, J.A., & Ou, S.R. (2003). School-based early intervention and child well-being in the Chicago Longitudinal Study. Child Welfare, 82, 633-658.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Richey, C.A., Lovell, M.L., & Reid, K. (1991). Interpersonal skill training to enhance social support among women at risk for child maltreatment. Children and Youth Services Review, 13, 41-59.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
  • Rodriguez, G. C., & Cortez, C.P. (1988). The evaluation experience of the AVANCE Parent-Child Education Program. In H. B. Weiss & F. H. Jacobs (Eds.), Evaluating family programs (pp. 287-301). New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
  • Rosenstein, P. (1988). Family outreach In D. C. Boss & R. D. Krugman (Eds.), The new child protection team handbook (Garland Reference Library of Social Science) (Vol. 380, pp. 584-597). New York: Garland.
  • Roussey, M., Bellec, S., Delahaye, M., Joubert, H., Ramee, M.T., Ollivier, F.N., et al. (1993). Assisting psychosocially distressed mothers-to-be: Primary prevention of child abuse. Child Abuse and Neglect, 17, 687-690.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Rutter, M. (1985). Resilience in the face of adversity: Protective factors and resistance to psychiatric disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 598-611.[Free Full Text]
  • Sanders, M.R., Cann, W., Markie-Dadds, C. (2003). The Triple P-Positive Parenting Programme: A universal population-level approach to the prevention of child abuse. Child Abuse Review, 12, 155-171.[CrossRef]
  • Sanders, M.R., Pidgeon, A.M., Gravestock, F., Connors, M.D., Brown, S., & Young, R.W. (2004). Does parental attributional retraining and anger management enhance the effects of the Triple P—Positive Parenting Program with parents at risk of child maltreatment. Behavior Therapy, 35, 513-535.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
  • Sanders, M.R., Montgomery, D.T., & Brechman-Toussaint, M.L. (2000). The mass media and the prevention of child behavior problems: The evaluation of a television series to promote positive outcome for parents and their children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, 939-948.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Santana, S. (2000). An evaluation of a home-based child abuse prevention program for teen mothers in a predominantly Latino community. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, State University of New Jersey.
  • Schumacher, J.A., Slep, A.M.S., & Heyman, R.E. (2001). Risk factors for child neglect. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 6, 231-254.
  • Scott, D. (1992). Early identification of maternal depression as a strategy in the prevention of child abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 16, 345-358.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Showers, J. (1989). Behavior management cards as a method of anticipatory guidance for parents. Child Care, Health, and Development, 15, 401-415.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Showers, J. (1992). Don't shake the baby: The effectiveness of a prevention program. Child Abuse and Neglect, 16, 11-18.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Siegel, E., Bauman, K.E., Schaefer, E.S., Saunders, M.M., & Ingram, D.D. (1980). Hospital and home support during infancy: Impact on maternal attachment, child abuse and neglect, and health care utilization. Pediatrics, 66, 183-190.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Skaff, L.F. (1988). Child maltreatment coordinating committees for effective service delivery. Child Welfare, 67, 217-230.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Smith, P.B., Poertner, J., & Fields, J.D. (1990). Preventing child abuse and neglect in Texas. Texas Medicine, 86, 44-45.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Stevenson, J., Bailey, V., & Simpson, J. (1988). Feasible intervention in families with parenting difficulties: A primary preventive perspective on child abuse. In K. Browne, C. Davies, & P. Stratton (Eds.), Early prediction and prevention of child abuse (pp. 121-138). New York: John Wiley.
  • Stevens-Simon, C., Nelligan, D., & Kelly, L. (2001). Adolescents at risk for mistreating their children Part II. A home- and clinic-based prevention program. Child Abuse & Neglect, 25, 753-769.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Stilwell, E., & Manley, B.B. (1990). A family focus approach to child abuse prevention. Journal of Primary Prevention, 10, 333-341.[CrossRef]
  • Striefel, S., Robinson, M.A., & Truhn, P. (1998). Dealing with child abuse and neglect within a comprehensive family-support program. In J. R. Lutzker (Ed.), Handbook of child abuse research and treatment (pp. 267-289). New York: Plenum.
  • Taylor, D.K., & Beauchamp, C. (1988). Hospital-based primary prevention strategy in child abuse: A multi-level needs addressment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 12, 343-354.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Thomas, D., Leicht, C., Hughes, C., Madigan, A., & Dowell, K. (2003). Emerging practices in the prevention of child abuse and neglect. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office on Child Abuse and Neglect.
  • Thompson, R.W., Ruma, P.R., Brewster, A.L., Besetsney, L.K., & Burke, R.V. (1997). Evaluation of an Air Force child physical abuse prevention project using the reliable change index. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 6, 421-434.[CrossRef]
  • Thyen, U., Thiessen, R., & Heinsohn-Krug, M. (1995). Secondary prevention-serving families at risk. Child Abuse & Neglect, 19, 1337-1347.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children Youth and Families. (2006). Child maltreatment 2004. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • U.S. General Accounting Office, Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies, Committee on Appropriations, U.S. Senate. (1990). Home visiting. A promising early intervention strategy for at-risk families. (GAO/HRD-90-83). Washington, DC: Author.
  • Velasquez, J., Christensen, M.L., & Schommer, B.L. (1984). Part II. Intensive services help prevent child abuse. America Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 9, 113-117.[CrossRef]
  • Vines, S.W., & Williams-Burgess, C. (1994). Effects of a community health nursing parent-baby (ad)venture program on depression and other selected maternal-child health outcomes. Public Health Nursing, 11, 188-195.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Volpe, R. (1984). A psychoeducational program dealing with child abuse for elementary school children. Child Abuse and Neglect, 8, 5511-5517.
  • Waite, S. (1988). Real help for families in trouble: Evaluation of a family support program. Journal of Child Care, 3, 47-54.
  • Warner, K.E. (1979). The economic implications of preventive health care. Social Science and Medicine, 13C, 227-237.
  • Weinman, M.L., Schreiber, N.B., & Robinson, M. (1992). Adolescent mothers: Were there any gains in a parent education program. Family and Community Health, 15, 1-10.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Whipple, E.E. (1999). Reaching families with preschoolers at risk of physical child abuse: What works? Families in Society, The Journal of Contemporary Human Services, 80, 148-160.
  • Whitaker, D.J., Lutzker, J.R., & Shelley, G.A. (2005). Child maltreatment prevention priorities at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Child Maltreatment, 10, 245-259.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Whiteman, M., Fanshel, D., & Grundy, J.F. (1987). Cognitive-behavioral interventions aimed at anger of parents at risk of child abuse. Social Work, 32, 469-474.
  • Wilson, S.K., & St. Pierre, J. (1990). Interventions in child abuse and neglect: Parent-child models. In M. Rothery & G. Cameron (Eds.), Child maltreatment: Expanding our concept of helping (pp. 79-89). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Wolfe, D.A., Edwards, B., Manion, I., & Koverola, C. (1988). Early intervention for parents at risk of child abuse and neglect: A preliminary investigation. Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 56, 40-47.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Wolfe, D.A., MacPherson, T., Blount, R., & Wolfe, V.V. (1986). Evaluation of a brief intervention for educating school children in awareness of physical and sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 10, 85-92.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Wolfe, D.A. (1991)._Preventing physical and emotional abuse of children._ New York: Guilford.

Child Maltreatment, Vol. 12, No. 4, 364-377 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/1077559507305995
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Complore Complore   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati   Add to Twitter Twitter    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Arch Pediatr Adolesc MedHome page
K. J. Conron, W. Beardslee, K. C. Koenen, S. L. Buka, and S. L. Gortmaker
A Longitudinal Study of Maternal Depression and Child Maltreatment in a National Sample of Families Investigated by Child Protective Services
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, October 1, 2009; 163(10): 922 - 930.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CMAJHome page
C. Jenny
Preventing head trauma from abuse in infants
Can. Med. Assoc. J., March 31, 2009; 180(7): 703 - 704.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Child MaltreatHome page
R. Calam, M. R. Sanders, C. Miller, V. Sadhnani, and S.-A. Carmont
Can Technology and the Media Help Reduce Dysfunctional Parenting and Increase Engagement With Preventative Parenting Interventions?
Child Maltreat, November 1, 2008; 13(4): 347 - 361.
[Abstract] [PDF]

This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Klevens, J.
Right arrow Articles by Whitaker, D. J.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Klevens, J.
Right arrow Articles by Whitaker, D. J.
Right arrowPubmed/NCBI databases
Medline Plus Health Information
*Child Abuse
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?